1. Pre-renal azotemia |
Volume depletion (diuretics, poor intake, vomiting, diarrhea) |
Vascular constriction (CNI toxicity, NSAID) |
2. Intrinsic renal diseases |
Arterial or venous stenosis, thrombosis or compression |
ATN |
Acute or accelerated acute rejection (cellular, humoral or both) |
Pyelonephritis |
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) |
Recurrent glomerular disease (FSGS, aHUS) |
3. Post-renal obstruction |
Foley catheter obstruction |
Perinephris fluid collection (urine leak, hematoma, lymphocele) |
Donor ureteral obstruction (kinking, stricture, blood clots) |
Neurogenic bladder |
Enlarged prostate (BPH, prostate cancer) |